• The research critically challenges Modernist principles by showing that architecture should go beyond function to include meaning, symbolism, and human experience. • It innovatively demonstrates how nature-based design (biomimicry and organic forms) can offer more adaptive and expressive alternatives to rigid geometric planning. • The study questions industrial construction by highlighting how craft-based, handcrafted approaches create richer and more context-sensitive architecture. • It redefines architectural thinking by presenting buildings as evolving systems shaped over time, rather than static finished products. • The research establishes that integrating culture, spirituality, and narrative into design is essential for creating deeper, more engaging and human-centered built environments.

• Graphene exhibits exceptional strength, conductivity, flexibility, and thermal properties • Transition from 2D to 3D structures enhances surface area and functionality • Applications include energy storage, environmental remediation, and construction materials • 3D graphene offers high porosity, a lightweight structure, and efficient electron/ion transport • Challenges include fabrication complexity, scalability issues, and maintaining intrinsic properties

• Uses a multi-layered research approach combining literature review, case studies, and interviews for comprehensive analysis. • Identifies key socio-economic and cultural factors driving the decline of Kaath Kunni architecture. • Documents traditional construction techniques and indigenous knowledge systems at risk of disappearing. • Provides data-driven insights on material shifts, artisan decline, and modernization impacts. • Proposes practical conservation strategies integrating community participation and policy support.

• Enables natural light transmission using embedded optical fibers, supporting sustainable design • Reduces artificial lighting demand and can save up to ~50% energy • Manufactured using cement, fine sand, water, and optical fibers (no coarse aggregate) • Applicable in façades, partitions, pavements, and architectural elements • Faces challenges of high cost, skilled labor requirement, and limited research on optimal fiber ratios

• Reviewing the existing scenarios, practices and policies of wastewater management, at study area level. • Identifies the gaps in wastewater generation, collection and treatment, with a focus on challenges in infrastructure and mangerial aspects of wastewater management. • Assessing the feasibility of reusing treated wastewater for ecological, industrial, agricultural, and civic uses through mapping the potential bulk user. • Developing a sustainable comprehensive framework for wastewater management, fostering a circular economy.